Dermoid cyst
Dermoid cysts are a benign congenital neural tube defect of skin in dogs.
These cysts are caused by a defect in epidermal closure, which leaves islands of multipotent ectoderm in abnormal locations such as within the central nervous system[3]. They are commonly found in Rhodesian Ridgebacks as an autosomal dominant condition[4], but can occasional be observed in other breeds.
In dogs, these cysts are usually found along the midline, but can be found intracranially[5], as well as on the cornea[6], ocular adnexa, nose[7] and tongue[8]. They may communicate with the skin surface via a sinus pore.
Many are asymptomatic unless they enlarge sufficiently to cause local compressive effects or rupture[9].
They are rarely associated with spinal cord neural deficits but intracranial dermoid cysts invariably result in neurological disease, such as atazia, hemiparesis, seizures and secondary hydrocephalus[10].
Diagnosis is usually based on presenting clinical signs.
A differential diagnosis would include abscess and spina bifida.
Surgical excision is usually curative for cutaneous dermoids, but visceral and intracranial masses may require specialist referral surgery.
References
- ↑ Ridgeback Rescue
- ↑ FMV
- ↑ Ginn PE et al (2007) Skin and appendages. In: Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer’s pathology of domestic animals, ed. Maxie MG, 5th ed., vol. 1. Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, MO. pp:553–782
- ↑ Salmon Hillbertz NH et al (2007) Duplication of FGF3, FGF4, FGF19 and ORAOV1 causes hair ridge and predisposition to dermoid sinus in Ridgeback dogs. Nat Genet 39(11):1318-1320
- ↑ Steinberg T et al (2007) Imaging diagnosis - intracranial epidermoid cyst in a Doberman Pinscher. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48(3):250-253
- ↑ Kalpravidh M et al (2009) Canine amniotic membrane transplantation for corneal reconstruction after the excision of dermoids in dogs. Vet Res Commun 33(8):1003-1012
- ↑ van der Peijl GJ et al (2011) Nasal dermoid cyst extending through the frontal bone with no sinus tract in a Dalmatian. J Small Anim Pract 52(2):117-120
- ↑ Liptak JM et al (2000) Dermoid cyst in the tongue of a dog. Aust Vet J 78(3):160-161
- ↑ Beard PM et al (2011) A quadrigeminal dermoid cyst with concurrent necrotizing granulomatous leukoencephalomyelitis in a Yorkshire Terrier dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 23(5):1075-1078
- ↑ Targett MP et al (1999) Magnetic resonance imaging of a medullary dermoid cyst with secondary hydrocephalus in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 40(1):23-26
