Icterus
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Icterus in a dog[1]
Icterus, or simply the yellowing of mucus membranes, is commonly observed clinically in dogs.
It nearly always implies the existence of hyperbilirubinemia due to:
- - Bacterial hepatitis
- - Cholangiohepatitis
- - Portosystemic shunt
- - Infectious canine hepatitis
- - Biliary Cirrhosis
- Cholelithiasis
- Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
- Acute hemolysis due to other causes, e.g. Leptospira spp
- Toxins - e.g. aflatoxicosis[2]
