Paraneoplastic syndrome
Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of noncancerous diseases associated with internal neoplasia[1].
Paraneoplastic syndrome commonly presents as dermatological manifestations but can also be evident as hematological aberrations, hormonal changes, or neuromuscular changes (e.g. paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis[2]).
A significant number of these conditions involve skin pathology, hematological changes such as leukocytosis, hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia, regenerative anemia and hypercalcemia[3] as well as general clinical signs of weight loss and anorexia.
A number of diseases can result in paraneoplastic syndrome, including:
- Nodular dermatofibrosis associated with uterine leiomyomas
- Feminization syndrome associated with seminomas and sertoli cell tumors
- Superficial necrolytic dermatitis due to glucagonoma[4]
- Paraneoplastic pemphigus[5]
- Histiocytic sarcoma[6]
- Renal carcinoma[7]
- Hyperthyroidism due to thyroid carcinoma
- Hyperadrenocorticism due to adrenal adenocarcinoma or pituitary adenocarcinoma
- Mast cell tumorss and secondary hypergastrinemia
- Mammary carcinoma[8]
- Thymoma[9]
Differentiating these paraneoplastic skin changes from other skin diseases can be challenging and often requires skin biopsies and blood tests to elucidate the underlying pathology[10].
References
- ↑ Turek MM (2003) Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes in dogs and cats: a review of the literature. Vet Dermatol 14(6):279-296
- ↑ Stepaniuk K et al (2011) Acquired myasthenia gravis associated with oral sarcoma in a dog. J Vet Dent 28(4):242-249
- ↑ Bergman PJ (2012) Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Top Companion Anim Med 27(4):156-158
- ↑ Oberkirchner U et al (2010) Successful treatment of canine necrolytic migratory erythema (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) due to metastatic glucagonoma with octreotide. Vet Dermatol 21(5):510-516
- ↑ Nishifuji K et al (2009) Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of circulating IgG autoantibodies against canine desmoglein 3 in dogs with pemphigus. Vet Dermatol 20(5-6):331-337
- ↑ Soare T et al (2012) Paraneoplastic syndrome in haemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a dog. J Comp Pathol 146(2-3):168-174
- ↑ Petterino C et al (2011) Paraneoplastic leukocytosis in a dog with a renal carcinoma. Vet Clin Pathol 40(1):89-94
- ↑ Rossi G et al (2011) Paraneoplastic hypoglycemia in a diabetic dog with an insulin growth factor-2-producing mammary carcinoma. Vet Clin Pathol 39(4):480-484
- ↑ Batlivala TP et al (2010) Paraneoplastic T cell lymphocytosis associated with a thymoma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 51(9):491-494
- ↑ Outerbridge CA et al' (2013) Cutaneous manifestations of internal diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 43(1):135-152
