Paraneoplastic syndrome
Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of noncancerous diseases associated with internal neoplasia[1].
Paraneoplastic syndrome commonly presents as dermatological manifestations but can also be evident as cardiac abnormalities (e.g. ventricular tachycardia[2] due to underlying neuroendocrine disease), neuromuscular changes (e.g. paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis[3]), ocular changes (e.g. uveitis[4]), hematological changes (e.g. leukocytosis, eosinophilia, hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia, regenerative anemia and hypercalcemia[5]) as well as general clinical signs of weight loss, polyuria, polydipsia, diarrhea and anorexia.
A number of diseases can result in paraneoplastic syndrome, including:
- Nodular dermatofibrosis associated with uterine leiomyomas
- Feminization syndrome associated with seminomas and sertoli cell tumors
- Superficial necrolytic dermatitis due to glucagonoma[6]
- Paraneoplastic pemphigus[7]
- Histiocytic sarcoma[8]
- Renal carcinoma[9] and renal adenocarcinoma
- Hyperthyroidism due to thyroid carcinoma
- Hyperadrenocorticism due to adrenal adenocarcinoma or pituitary adenocarcinoma
- Mast cell tumorss and secondary hypergastrinemia
- Mammary carcinoma[10]
- Thymoma[11]
- Hypereosinophilic syndrome with T cell lymphoma[12]
- Melanoma and secondary hyperparathyroidism[13]
- Leiomyosarcoma with secondary diabetes insipidus[14]
Differentiating these paraneoplastic skin changes from other skin diseases can be challenging and often requires skin biopsies and blood tests to elucidate the underlying pathology[15].
References
- ↑ Turek MM (2003) Cutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes in dogs and cats: a review of the literature. Vet Dermatol 14(6):279-296
- ↑ Tappin S et al (2008) An intestinal neuroendocrine tumour associated with paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia and melaena in a 10-year-old boxer. J Small Anim Pract 49(1):33-37
- ↑ Stepaniuk K et al (2011) Acquired myasthenia gravis associated with oral sarcoma in a dog. J Vet Dent 28(4):242-249
- ↑ Snead EC et al (2005) A case of bilateral renal lymphosarcoma with secondary polycythaemia and paraneoplastic syndromes of hypoglycaemia and uveitis in an English Springer Spaniel. Vet Comp Oncol 3(3):139-144
- ↑ Bergman PJ (2012) Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Top Companion Anim Med 27(4):156-158
- ↑ Oberkirchner U et al (2010) Successful treatment of canine necrolytic migratory erythema (superficial necrolytic dermatitis) due to metastatic glucagonoma with octreotide. Vet Dermatol 21(5):510-516
- ↑ Nishifuji K et al (2009) Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of circulating IgG autoantibodies against canine desmoglein 3 in dogs with pemphigus. Vet Dermatol 20(5-6):331-337
- ↑ Soare T et al (2012) Paraneoplastic syndrome in haemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in a dog. J Comp Pathol 146(2-3):168-174
- ↑ Petterino C et al (2011) Paraneoplastic leukocytosis in a dog with a renal carcinoma. Vet Clin Pathol 40(1):89-94
- ↑ Rossi G et al (2011) Paraneoplastic hypoglycemia in a diabetic dog with an insulin growth factor-2-producing mammary carcinoma. Vet Clin Pathol 39(4):480-484
- ↑ Batlivala TP et al (2010) Paraneoplastic T cell lymphocytosis associated with a thymoma in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 51(9):491-494
- ↑ Marchetti V et al (2005) Paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia in a dog with intestinal T-cell lymphoma. Vet Clin Pathol 34(3):259-263
- ↑ Pressler BM et al (2002) Hypercalcemia and high parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration associated with malignant melanoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221(2):263-265
- ↑ Cohen M & Post GS (1999) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a dog with intestinal leiomyosarcoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215(12):1818-1820
- ↑ Outerbridge CA et al' (2013) Cutaneous manifestations of internal diseases. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 43(1):135-152
