Difference between revisions of "Polydipsia"
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There are many causes of polydipsia, including: | There are many causes of polydipsia, including: | ||
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*[[Diabetes mellitus]] - osmotic diuresis | *[[Diabetes mellitus]] - osmotic diuresis | ||
*[[Diabetes insipidus]] - loss of vasopressin or loss of nephric sensitivity to vasopressin | *[[Diabetes insipidus]] - loss of vasopressin or loss of nephric sensitivity to vasopressin | ||
Revision as of 07:12, 13 December 2012
Polydipsia in dogs is defined as the excessive thirst in excess of 100 ml/kg/day.
Polydipsia is normally due to polyuria, which is usually concurrent and dogs drink to compensate for urine loss, except in diabetes insipidus, where polydipsia starts first.
There are many causes of polydipsia, including:
- Diabetes mellitus - osmotic diuresis
- Diabetes insipidus - loss of vasopressin or loss of nephric sensitivity to vasopressin
- Chronic renal disease osmotic diuresis
- Primary renal glycosuria - osmotic diuresis
- Post-urolithiasis diuresis - osmotic diuresis, down-regulation of aquaporin-2
- Pyometra - bacterial endotoxin-induced reduced tubular sensitivity to vasopressin
- Escherichia coli septicemia - bacterial endotoxin-induced reduced tubular sensitivity to vasopressin
- Hypercalcemia - interference with action of vasopressin on renal tubules
- Hepatitis - loss of medullary hypertonicity, impaired hormone metabolism
- Hyperadrenocorticism - impaired tubular response to vasopressin
- Hyperaldosteronism - impaired tubular response to vasopressin
- Pyelonephritis - bacterial endotoxin-induced reduced tubular sensitivity to vasopressin, damaged countercurrent mechanism
- Fanconi's syndrome - osmotic diuresis
- Hypokalemia - down-regulation of aquaporin-2, loss of medullary hypertonicity
- Hyponatremia - loss of medullary hypertonicity
- Hypoadrenocorticism - loss of medullary hypertonicity
- Hyperthyroidism - loss of medullary hypertonicity
- Leptospirosis - action unknown
- Polycythemia - action of natriuretic peptide
- Pheochromocytoma - excessive catecholamines
- Portosystemic shunt - loss of medullary hypertonicity, increased GFR
- Dwarfism[1]
- Acromegaly - osmotic diuresis due to diabetes mellitus[2]
- Psychogenic polydipsia
- Intestinal leiomyosarcoma - impaired tubular response to vasopressin[3]
- Very low protein diet
- Gastrointestinal disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis)[4]
- X-linked hereditary nephropathy - loss of medullary hypertonicity, increased GFR
- Renal dysplasia - loss of medullary hypertonicity, increased GFR
References
- ↑ Ramsey IK et al (1999) Concurrent central diabetes insipidus and panhypopituitarism in a German shepherd dog. J Small Anim Pract 40(6):271-274
- ↑ Schwedes CS (1999) Transient diabetes insipidus in a dog with acromegaly. J Small Anim Pract 40(8):392-396
- ↑ Cohen M & Post GS (1999) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a dog with intestinal leiomyosarcoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 215(12):1818-1820
- ↑ Henderson SM & Elwood CM (2003) A potential causal association between gastrointestinal disease and primary polydipsia in three dogs. J Small Anim Pract 44(6):280-284
