Pseudomonas spp
Pseudomonas spp are a group of Gram-negative, aerobic zoonotic proteobacteria that are sulfate reducing and produce a characteristic rotten-egg smell.
Pseudomonas are a commensal of dogs skin and part of the normal gastrointestinal microbiota.
Zoonotic infections in humans usually arise from dog bite wounds[3] and can lead to cellulitis, bacteremia and meningitis.
Species which are pathogenic to dogs include:
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Pseudomonas fluorescens
Transmission of infection is by aerosol, fecal smearing, blood transfusion[4] and self-trauma.
These bacteria are a leading cause of otitis externa[5], deep pyoderma[6], periodontitis[7], ulcerative keratitis[8], epididymitis and cystitis[9].
However, opportunistic infections may lead to more serious disease such as septicemia, osteomyelitis[10] and pneumonia[11].
These bacteria appear to be more common in gastrointestinal sampling from dogs with ulcerative colitis, although their presence may be as secondary opportunists rather than an etiological agent[12].
Diagnosis is based usually on presenting clinical signs and isolation of the bacteria via laboratory culture or PCR assay[13].
These bacteria are resistant to many β-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins), gentamicin[14] and fluorquinolones such as enrofloxacin and orbifloxacin[15].
In dogs with otitis externa, treatment with multi-drug aural preparations are usually effective at eliminating clinical signs.
References
- ↑ Ledbetter EC et al (2009) Pathogenic phenotype and genotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from spontaneous canine ocular infections. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 50(2):729-736
- ↑ DVM360
- ↑ Brook I (2009) Management of human and animal bite wound infection: an overview. Curr Infect Dis Rep 11(5):389-395
- ↑ Kessler RJ et al (2010) Pseudomonas fluorescens contamination of a feline packed red blood cell unit and studies of canine units. Vet Clin Pathol 39(1):29-38
- ↑ Steen SI & Paterson S (2012) The susceptibility of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from dogs with otitis to topical ear cleaners. J Small Anim Pract 53(10):599-603
- ↑ Baxter CG & Vogelnest LJ (2008) Multifocal papular deep bacterial pyoderma in a Boxer dog caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aust Vet J 86(11):435-439
- ↑ Riggio MP et al (2011) Molecular identification of bacteria associated with canine periodontal disease. Vet Microbiol 150(3-4):394-400
- ↑ Santos TM et al (2011) Isolation and characterization of two bacteriophages with strong in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dogs with ocular infections. Am J Vet Res 72(8):1079-1086
- ↑ Gatoria IS et al (2006) Comparison of three techniques for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in dogs with urolithiasis. J Small Anim Pract 47(12):727-732
- ↑ Penna B et al (2009) Ostemyelitis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a dog from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Small Anim Pract 50(9):504
- ↑ Luna CM et al (2009) Animal models of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J 33(1):182-188
- ↑ Suchodolski JS et al (2010) Molecular analysis of the bacterial microbiota in duodenal biopsies from dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Vet Microbiol 142(3-4):394-400
- ↑ Silkie SS & Nelson KL (2009) Concentrations of host-specific and generic fecal markers measured by quantitative PCR in raw sewage and fresh animal feces. Water Res 43(19):4860-4871
- ↑ Lin D et al (2012) Characterization of antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from canine infections. J Appl Microbiol 113(1):16-23
- ↑ Harada K et al (2012) Post-antibiotic effect of orbifloxacin against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dogs. Acta Vet Scand 54:16
